Of Hummingbirds and Helicopters: Hovering Costs, Competitive Ability, and Foraging Strategies
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Of hummingbirds and helicopters: hovering costs, competitive ability, and foraging strategies.
Wing morphology and flight kinematics profoundly influence foraging costs and the overall behavioral ecology of hummingbirds. By analogy with helicopters, previous energetic studies have applied the momentum theory of aircraft propellers to estimate hovering costs from wing disc loading (WDL), a parameter incorporating wingspan (or length) and body mass. Variation in WDL has been used to elucid...
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Ecological Correlates of Hovering Flight of Hummingbirds
Simultaneous recordings of oxygen consumption and wing kinematics were collected from hummingbirds hovering at artificial flowers of different dimensions or when loaded by the addition of small weights to simulate increased fat stores. Hovering at widediameter flowers required increased wingbeat frequencies to compensate for decreased wingbeat amplitude, and it was 5% more metabolically expensi...
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چکیده ندارد.
15 صفحه اولHovering in the heat: effects of environmental temperature on heat regulation in foraging hummingbirds
At high temperature (greater than 40°C) endotherms experience reduced passive heat dissipation (radiation, conduction and convection) and increased reliance on evaporative heat loss. High temperatures challenge flying birds due to heat produced by wing muscles. Hummingbirds depend on flight for foraging, yet inhabit hot regions. We used infrared thermography to explore how lower passive heat di...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The American Naturalist
سال: 2004
ISSN: 0003-0147,1537-5323
DOI: 10.1086/380511